palm kernel shell for sale/Bulk Palm Kernel Shells For Sale at cheaper prices/Wholesale palm kernel shell

Palm Kernel Shells The rapid development of oil palm by itself have an impact also on the development palm kernel shell. The more the oil palm processing, the more the palm kernel shell / palm shell produced. PKS which is industrial waste can be used as an energy source. Industries are now beginning to switch from coal to pks as fuel. PKS are carbonaceous solids. This raw material contains high carbon and moderate hydrogen content which is responsible for higher heating value. To ensure complete combustion, we need certain amount of air.   Palm shells should be dried beforehand to remove the moisture content. Excessive moisture level would decrease combustion rates and lower the energy recovery. PKS is used as boiler fuel. PKS have high dry matter content (greater than 80% dry matter) and therefore considered good fuel for the boilers. It generates low ash amount. It has low potassium and chlorine content which leads to less ash agglomeration.   PKS has same caloric value as coconut shell. The small size makes it easy to carbonize.   Used in :   1. raw material for light weight concrete 2. filler and activated carbon 3. industrial boilers 4. furnace and foundries 5. brick kilns 6. residential and commercial heating 7. used as an absorbent for dry-type flue gas desulphurization   Properties :     1. high calorific value 2. low ash content 3. low sulphur content 5. excellent year round availability 6. no species variation 7. low dust and impurities content 8. hard shell Benefits :   1. cost savings 2. air pollution reduction 3. nature resources conservation 4. availability of stock because its renewable / sustainable raw material for energy industry 5. less pollution than coal 6. completely decomposed between 400 to 500 degree celcius     Carriage of PKS   PKS perceived as "non-hazardous cargo". Cargo is frequently carried by ship.     Cargo Properties & Handling   Practice in most exporting countries is for pks to be loaded from open stock piles exposed to weather. The cargo declarations and msds sheets provided by the shippers state various moisture contents.   Once loaded, excess water will drain downwards within the stow during the voyage and accumulate on the tank-top and in the bilges. As a result, moisture content of the cargo at the bottom of the stow is likely to be much higher than the average for the entire cargo. The oil content is likely to be below 1%.   PKS is associated with the following potential hazards :   PKS undergoes microbiological self heating as a result being loaded with a moisture content where spores / bateria can proliferate. Temperature above 70 degree celcius are measured inside the holds during loading.   Cargo undergoes oxidative self heating of the oil residues and can lead to combustion as evident by rapid oxygen depletion and high carbon monoxide levels measured in pks cargo.   Oxygen depletion and high carbon monoxide provides serious risk to the safety of the crew. Need extensive ventilation and gas monitoring to ensure safe working conditions   Ban smoking and do risk assessment. When fire use water. Must have good ventilation.