1. Wipe away the gems and turn on the light source. 2. Adjust the upper polarizer to make it orthogonal with the lower polarizer (dark field of view).
3. Put the gem on the carrying platform and rotate 360 degrees to observe the light and shade of the gem from the upper polarizer.
4. If it is a birefringent gem (rotate one week, four bright and four dark), it is necessary to use the interference ball to find the optical axis, observe the interference pattern and determine the axis.