1.Introduction
1J85 is a nickel–iron magnetic alloy, with about 80% nickel and 20% iron content. Invented in 1914 by
physicist Gustav Elmen at Bell Telephone Laboratories, it is notable for its very high magnetic
permeability, which makes it useful as a magnetic core material in electrical and electronic equipment,
and also in magnetic shielding to block magnetic fields. Commercial permalloy alloys typically have
relative permeability of around 100,000, compared to several thousand for ordinary steel.
In addition to high permeability, its other magnetic properties are low coercivity, near zero
magnetostriction, and significant anisotropic magnetoresistance. The low magnetostriction is critical for
industrial applications, allowing it to be used in thin films where variable stresses would otherwise cause
a ruinously large variation in magnetic properties. Permalloy's electrical resistivity can vary as much as
5% depending on the strength and the direction of an applied magnetic field. Permalloys typically have
the face centered cubic crystal structure with a lattice constant of approximately 0.355 nm in the vicinity
of a nickel concentration of 80%. A disadvantage of permalloy is that it is not very ductile or workable, so
applications requiring elaborate shapes, such as magnetic shields, are made of other high permeability
alloys such as mu metal. Permalloy is used in transformer laminations and magnetic recording heads.
2.Chemistry composition
Some chemical properties of soft magnetic alloy-1J85 include:
Element | Ni | Fe | Mn | Si | Mo | Cu | C | P | S | |
Content (%) | min | 79 | Bal. | 0.3 | 0.15 | 4.8 | ||||
max | 81 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 5.2 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
3.Typical Mechanical properties
Yield strength | Tensile Strength | Elongation |
Mpa | Mpa | % |
980 | 1030 | 3~50 |
4.Typical Physical properties
Density (g/cm3) | 8.75 |
Electrical resistivity at 20°C(Ωmm2/m) | 0.56 |
Coefficient of linear expansion(20°C~200°C)X10-6/°C | 10.9~11.2 |
Saturation magnetostriction coefficient λθ/ 10-6 | 0,5 |
Curie point Tc/°C | 400 |
5.The magnetic properties of alloys with high permeability in weak fields
1J85 | Initial permeability | Maximum permeability | Coercivity | Saturation magnetic induction intensity |
Cold-rolled strip/ sheet | μ0.08/ (mH/m) | μm/ (mH/m) | Hc/ (A/m) | BS/ T |
Thickness (mm) | ≥ | ≤ | ||
0.01 mm | 20 | 87.5 | 4.8 | 0.75 |
0.1~0.19 mm | 37.5 | 187.5 | 1.6 | |
0.2~0.34 mm | 50 | 225 | 1.2 | |
0.35~1.0 mm | 62.5 | 312.5 | 0.8 | |
1.1~2.5 mm | 50 | 187.5 | 1.2 | |
2.6~3.0 mm | 43.8 | 150 | 1.44 | |
Cold drawn wire | ||||
0.1 mm | 8.7 | 37.6 | 6.4 | |
Bar | ||||
8-100 mm | 37.5 | 125 | 1.6 |
6.Mode of heat treatment 1J85
Annealing media | Vacuum with a residual pressure not higher than 0.1Pa, hydrogen with a dew point of not higher than minus 40°C. |
The heating temperature and rate | 1100~1200°C |
Holding time/h | 3~6 |
Cooling rate | With 100 ~ 200°C/ h cooled to 500~600°C, not less than 400°C/h cooled to 300°C |
7.Style of product
Alloys Name | Type | Dimension | |
1J85 | Wire | D= 0.1~8mm | |
1J85 | Strip | W= 8~390mm | T= 0.3mm |
1J85 | Foil | W= 10~100mm | T= 0.01~0.1 |
1J85 | Bar | Dia= 8~100mm | L= 50~1000 |
1J85 is widely used in radio-electronic industry, precision instruments, remote control and automatic
control system.
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