80 million tonnes of fish are harvested in a year and 25 % become waste. This amount of waste is a useful resource for collagen extraction. However, the extraction procedure is yet to be optimized. This study focuses on optimizing collagen extraction conditions from fish waste (fish skin, scales, bones and fins) with the aid of response surface methodology (RSM).
The statistical optimization method was designed with a 4-factor, 5-level central composite design (CCD), which the effects of acetic acid concentration (M), pH, extraction temperature (°C) and extraction time (h) in response to the extracted collagen yield (%) were fitted into the CCD. Generally, concentration of acetic acid with pH 2.96 to 3.19 at the range of 0.56 M to 0.67 M, were able to produce high collagen yields. However, the optimum extraction temperature and extraction time varied among fish waste.
Optimum extraction temperature for fish skin was slightly lower (13.26 °C), whereas, scales, bones and fins require higher
temperatures (16.6 °C to 19.03 °C). In terms of extraction time, fish scales need longer hours (77.51 h), as compared to skin (74h), bones (73.16 h) and fins (72.36 h). The optimized extraction conditions yielded 2.27 % for skin, 0.13 %, 0.64 % and 0.82 % for scales, bones and fins, respectively.