Double chamber oil gas quenching furnace with low pressure gas carburizing
Double chamber oil gas quenching furnace with low pressure gas carburizing
Carburizing, carburising, or carburization is a heat treatment process in which iron or steel absorbs carbon liberated when the metal is heated in the presence of a carbon bearing material, such as charcoal or carbon monoxide, with the intent of making the metal harder. Depending on the amount of time and temperature, the affected area can vary in carbon content. Longer carburizing times and higher temperatures typically increase the depth of carbon diffusion. When the iron or steel is cooled rapidly by quenching, the higher carbon content on the outer surface becomes hard via the transformation from austenite to martensite, while the core remains soft and tough as a ferritic and/or pearlite microstructure.
This manufacturing process can be characterized by the following key points: It is applied to low-carbon workpieces; workpieces are in contact with a high-carbon gas, liquid or solid; it produces a hard workpiece surface; workpiece cores largely retain their toughness and ductility; and it produces case hardness depths of up to 0.25 inches (6.4 mm). In some cases it serves as a remedy for undesired decarburization that happened earlier in a manufacturing process.
Specifications
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Main technical data of High pressure vacuum carburizing furnace |
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Models |
Effective working dimension (mm) |
Max temperature (C) |
Ultimate pressure (pa) |
Pressure rising rate (pa/h) |
Temperature uniformity (C) |
Loading capacity (kg) |
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RVC-224 |
250x250x400 |
1300 |
4x10-1 |
0.5 |
±5 |
50 |
|
RVC-335 |
300x300x500 |
1300 |
4x10-1 |
0.5 |
±5 |
100 |
|
RVC-446 |
400x450x600 |
1300 |
4x10-1 |
0.5 |
±5 |
200 |
|
RVC-558 |
500x500x800 |
1300 |
4x10-1 |
0.5 |
±5 |
300 |
|
RVC-669 |
600x600x900 |
1300 |
4x10-1 |
0.5 |
±5 |
500 |
|
RVC-7710 |
700x700x1000 |
1300 |
4x10-1 |
0.5 |
±5 |
800 |
|
RVC-8812 |
800x800x1200 |
1300 |
4x10-1 |
0.5 |
±5 |
1200 |
|
RVC-vertical 70x11 |
Φ700x1100 |
1300 |
4x10-1 |
0.5 |
±5 |
800 |
Applications:
Carburization of steel involves a heat treatment of the metallic surface using a source of carbon. Carburization can be used to increase the surface hardness of low carbon steel.
Early carburization used a direct application of charcoal packed onto the metal (initially referred to as case hardening), but modern techniques apply carbon-bearing gases or plasmas (such as carbon dioxide or methane). The process depends primarily upon ambient gas composition and furnace temperature, which must be carefully controlled, as the heat may also impact the microstructure of the rest of the material. For applications where great control over gas composition is desired, carburization may take place under very low pressures in a vacuum chamber.
The process of carburization works via the implantation of carbon atoms into the surface layers of a metal. As metals are made up of atoms bound tightly into a metallic crystalline lattice, the implanted carbon atoms force their way into the crystal structure of the metal and either remain in solution (dissolved within the metal crystalline matrix — this normally occurs at lower temperatures) or react with the host metal to form ceramic carbides (normally at higher temperatures, due to the higher mobility of the host metal's atoms). Both of these mechanisms strengthen the surface of the metal, the former by causing lattice strains by virtue of the atoms being forced between those of the host metal and the latter via the formation of very hard particles that resist abrasion. However, each different hardening mechanism leads to different solutions to the initial problem: the former mechanism — known as solid solution strengthening — improves the host metal's resistance to corrosion whilst impairing its increase in hardness; the latter — known as precipitation strengthening — greatly improves the hardness but normally to the detriment of the host metal's corrosion resistance. Engineers using plasma carburization must decide which of the two mechanisms matches their needs.
Gas carburizing is normally carried out at a temperature within the range of 900 to 950 °C.
In oxy-acetylene welding, a carburizing flame is one with little oxygen, which produces a sooty, lower-temperature flame. It is often used to anneal metal, making it more malleable and flexible during the welding process.
A main goal when producing carbonized workpieces is to ensure maximum contact between the workpiece surface and the carbon-rich elements. In gas and liquid carburizing, the workpieces are often supported in mesh baskets or suspended by wire. In pack carburizing, the workpiece and carbon are enclosed in a container to ensure that contact is maintained over as much surface area as possible. Pack carburizing containers are usually made of carbon steel coated with aluminum or heat-resisting nickel-chromium alloy and sealed at all openings with fire clay.
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